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History of personal learning environments
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History of personal learning environments : ウィキペディア英語版
History of personal learning environments

Personal learning environments are systems that help learners take control of and manage their own learning. This includes providing support for learners to set their own learning goals and manage their own content and learning process, thereby achieving their learning goals. A personal learning environment (PLE) involves both formal and informal learning experiences.
A PLE may be composed of one or more subsystems: As such it may be a desktop application, or composed of one or more web-based services. Important concepts in PLEs include the integration of both formal and informal learning episodes into a single experience, the use of social networks that can cross institutional boundaries, and the use of networking protocols (Peer-to-Peer, web services, syndication) to connect a range of resources and systems within a personally-managed space.
While PLE is a very new term, the concept represents the latest step in an alternative approach to e-learning which can trace its origins to early systems such as Colloquia, the first peer-to-peer learning system, and in more recent phenomena such as the Epsilen Environment developed by Ali Jafari and the Elgg system developed by Ben Werdmuller and Dave Tosh, and PebblePAD developed by UK-based Pebble Learning. This alternative approach developed in parallel to that of Learning Management Systems, which unlike the PLE take an institution-centric (or course-centric) view of learning.
==1970s==


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